Arthrosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative-dystrophic changes occur in the joints.Arthrosis can interfere with joint function, and at a later stage, complete destruction of joints and loss of motor function can occur.
Arthrosis on women
Predisposition to arthrosis is genetically transmitted.The characteristics or defects of the structure of connective tissue and joints (displacements) can affect the development of the disease, especially in combination with the factors obtained.Among the latter there may be injuries, obesity and other diseases.
At the age of 45, arthrosis is diagnosed in 2-3% of women, but this percentage increases more than 10 times in intervals from 45 to 60 years.After 65 years, the symptoms of arthrosis are found in 70% of women.Men suffer from this disease are a bit less frequent.
Arthrosis in pregnant women
Arthrosis in pregnant women can significantly complicate the child.And not just because of the inevitable weight gain, the burden on the joints increased significantly.During pregnancy, it is necessary to exclude or reduce the use of certain drugs used to treat arthrosis.
Therefore, pregnancy in a woman with joint arthrosis is performed in interactions with gynecologists, orthopedics and rheumatologists.Joint doctors resolve issues related to arthrosis treatment plans, take medication, prescribe a special regime.It may be that a pregnant woman needs to use a special orthopedic device designed to facilitate arthrosis courses and not interfere with fetal bearings.
Arthrosis in women in menopause
Women whose organisms are included during the menopause period of risk for joint arthrosis due to changes in the hormone background.Bone health, joints and ligaments depend on estrogen levels.The decrease in female hormone levels, which is associated with the onset of menopause, can lead not only to osteoporosis, but also at the onset of degenerative changes in the joints and the development of arthrosis.
Arthrosis on men
Usually joint arthrosis develops in adulthood in men who abuse some types of physical exercises.Especially often this occurs after a long break in sports.To restore the previous physical form, a man can try to engage in his previous intensity.But excessive load leads to arthrosis faster than the muscles that arise.
Arthrosis in children
At an early age, joint arthrosis is rare, but, however, diagnosis like children is also found.
Arthrosis in young children
The probability of arthrosis at an early age increases if children have congenital disorders of the bone system.These can be displaced hip joint or defects in the structure of the spinal joint, elbow or knee joints.Changes in the geometry of the articular joints cause excessive load, badly acting on the joint components.At the same time, the muscles are not advanced enough to balance structural defects.
Arthrosis in teens
In adolescence, arthrosis can be associated with injuries received during sports or external games.Other reasons do not have enough balanced diet, restructuring of puberty hormones, rapid bone growth with lag increases muscle mass and strength.
Arthrosis of the lower leg joint
Often, the lower leg joints suffer from arthrosis.But there is also damage to smaller joints: for example, finger joint arthrosis -in the leg.
Knee joint arthrosis (gonarthrosis)
Knee arthrosis is often found in men who have played sports with heavy loads.The wise amount of squats, with or without weight, can quickly wear a cartilage and cause knee joint arthrosis.
The first signs of arthrosis that worries the knee joints are crunching features and click on the joints when moving.The pain comes later, as the patient does not see continuous degenerative changes for a long time.
With timely treatment, knee joint arthrosis can be defeated, or at least suspend disease progression.
Ankle joint arthrosis (cruzartrosis)
The ankle connection is very portable and performs important functions when walking, running and jumping.Arthrosis of the ankle joint can lead a person for defects in just a few years, if treatment is not started on time.
But the early diagnosis of the ankle joint arthrosis remains problematic, as there is no nerve endings in the cartilage itself, and for a long time the pain is not felt.Pathological changes develop, almost unexplained.In the early stages of the ankle joint arthrosis, as a rule, it was detected by accident.
Arthrosis of the hip joint (coxarthrosis)
Coksartrosis, or hip joint arthrosis, belongs to the most common and worst lesions of the joints from the lower leg.As a rule, the pain is soon.The pain occurs when the joints are destroyed significantly.This is very dangerous, as it is a hip joint that carries a major load associated with body mass.
Arthrosis of the joints
Although arthrosis often affects large joints, smaller joints can also suffer.Reasons for the development of arthrosis of the joints may be injury, congenital disorders in the structure of the limbs, flat feet, uncomfortable shoes, work where a person spends a lot of time on his feet.Often the development of foot arthrosis can cause vascular disease, where blood supply to the limbs is disrupted, as well as endocrine and metabolic disease.
The prominent bones at the base of the thumb are very often due to arthrosis of the finger joints.Following the first joint deformation, the spread of the process to other fingers can be followed.
Arthrosis of the upper part joint
Although the upper limbs contribute to the lower burden of the lower, the arthrosis of the joints causes many problems to the patient.
Brush joint arthrosis
Statistics say: This type of arthrosis is present in women more often than men.And it shows itself, as a rule, after the onset of menopause, although the first symptom of arthrosis can appear early.
It is precisely the arthrosis of the finger joints -a joint that damages the hands, making joints with mound, swelling, and fingers -curves.
Joint deformation is very severely affected by fine motor skills.It is difficult not only to hold small objects in your hand, to put the thread in the needle, unite and write.During the removal period, the fingers of the pain cannot hold the spoon, and the tea cup should be lifted with two hands, and then it can slip.
Elbow joint arthrosis
This type of joint arthrosis is quite rare.Usually, the cause of the development of the disease lies in injury, inflammation, hard work, excessive spirit for some sports.
Although the elbow joints usually do not carry a significant burden, the changes caused by arthrosis can interfere with normal life.Violations of mobility can even deny someone who has the ability to take normal action in life, including serving their own needs.
Shoulder joint arthrosis
Shoulder joint arthrosis is not very common.If in the early stages of the development of the shoulder joint arthrosis the pain appears to be relatively rare, as the joints destroy the condition, the condition worsens.
The hands become painful to enlarge and turn on, the pain increases as much as it is drawn and the weather changes.Pain of walking does not allow sleep: the patient cannot find the position of the body where the shoulder will not hurt.
Temporomandibular joint arthrosis
If the joint arthrosis can interfere with the patient to deliver a spoon with food to the mouth, then the temporomandibular joint arthrosis (TMS) prevents the mouth.But this is in the last stage of the disease, when the jaw joint has suffered significant destruction, and bone growth prevents it from mobility.
The cause of the disease is a violation of bite, congenital or acquired by the destruction or loss of teeth.The development of arthrosis can cause injury, inflammation in the joints.
Spondylarthrosis arthrosis (spondylarthrosis)
Neck joint arthrosis develops due to violating bone and cartilage structure;Because of the long term in the wrong position during operation.The reason may be injury, inflammation, hard work, infringement of blood supply to the spine and many other factors.
Spinal joint arthrosis is dangerous because joint deformation can cause nerve fiber compression, blood vessels, in turn, can cause a variety of pathological symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraines (which means vertebral artery syndrome or "cervical migraines"), hypertension, weakness and fast fatigue, and more.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Symptoms of arthrosis of the joints
Pain, as a rule, is not present in the early stages of the disease.But you can see that when moving, the joints can click, crack, and sometimes very strong.
If arthrosis is not treated, then movement without a stick or stick can be a problem.And in the worst case, the patient completely loses the ability to move independently.Gonarthrosis, hip joint arthrosis and ankles are very difficult.
Symptoms of joint arthrosis
Arthrosis of the joints shows itself in a finger deformation: they can bend, swollen joints, thickening and hills appear on it.During severity, the joints become hot and painful.Fingering arthrosis -a scoop prevents the right movement, the fingers -the adherence.
Symptoms of shoulder joint arthrosis are stated, among others, in limiting mobility.If a healthy shoulder joint has the ability to make a variety of movements with a large amplitude, then with the arthrosis of the shoulder joint, it can be impossible even if it is just raising your hands.
Symptoms of temporomandibular joint arthrosis
Symptoms of the jaw charter arthrosis are not very different from others.This is a fracture during movement, limiting joint mobility.Moreover, if there is no treatment, patients can generally lose their ability to open their mouths and even speak clearly.As the disease develops, pain arises, increases from the burden and during raw, cold weather.
Symptoms of spondylarthrosis
In the early stages, spondil arthrosis is shown only with the discomfort behind it.Unpleasant sensations make the patient more often than normal, changing body position.As the disease develops, pain arises.At first, it was not strong, but very stubborn and distracting, and then it could be fixed and exhausting.
Form of arthrosis
Primary and secondary arthrosis
The main, or idiopathic, is called arthrosis, the cause of the unspecified development.This applies to the form of hereditary arthrosis, including.
Secondary arthrosis develops as a result of various pathological processes in the body that can cause changes in the joints.It can be injuries, wrong lifestyle, hard work, or illness.In particular, arthrosis can develop after suffering from joint inflammation, as well as due to vascular system diseases, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases.Arthrosis can cause diabetes mellitus, gout, eliminating endarteritis, etc.
Local and general arthrosis
Local arthrosis is characterized by the spread of the process by 1-2 joints.Local arthrosis includes hip joint arthrosis, gonarthrosis, cruarthrosis, temporomandibular joint arthrosis, etc.
The cause of arthrosis
The cause of the main arthrosis
Main arthrosis can develop for the unclear reasons, which is not always possible to detect.Famous risk factors include congenital and genetic features sent.
Build an anomaly
The structure of the frame, bone and ligaments plays a major role in the development of arthrosis.This can be due to both violations of bone structure, cartilage and connective tissue, and with improper bone and joint formation.
Descendants
Genetic disorders can cause disruption in the process of synthesis of cartilage, connective tissue or joint fluid.
The cause of secondary arthrosis
Injury
As a result of incorrect bone fractures, cracks and combinations, the natural shape of the joints can change, the blood supply can be interrupted.That is why the development of large and small joint arthrosis in 20-30% of cases is injury.
Excessive load
With too much physical activity of the articular joint surface when moving, microtrauma is obtained, which over time leads to changes in cartilage quality and its destruction.
Obesity
Excessive weight significantly increases the load on the spinal joints and lower legs.It is a factor that accelerates and cancels the course of coxarthrosis, arthrosis of the ankle and knee joints.
Joints
The process of inflammation in the joints is called arthritis and often precedes the development of arthrosis.Joint inflammation occurs with rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis, with gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine disease
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important factors in the development of arthrosis.But other diseases and endocrine conditions can have a negative effect.In particular, hormone changes associated with menopause significantly increase the risk of arthrosis in mature women.
A violation of the metabolic process
Metabolic disease also contributes to joint arthrosis.These are gout, osteoporosis and others.Improper metabolic processes play a negative role in the absorption of calcium, protein synthesis and other elements needed to preserve the normal structure of bone, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
Disruption of the blood
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to violations of blood supply and bone and joint nutrients.Due to a lack of nutrition, their strength is reduced and the risk of arthrosis arises.
Hypodynamia
Lack of harmful movement to the entire organism, as well as the musculoskeletal system.Lack of physical activity negatively affects the blood supply to the individual organs and systems, and also often leads to obesity and congestive phenomena.
Diagnosis of arthrosis
Arthrosis can be similar to other diseases that require different treatment methodologies.Proper diagnosis is very important for the onset of timely arthrosis treatment and choosing the optimal methodology.
The arthrosis suspect occurred during the initial examination based on a set of patient complaints.But this is not enough to create an accurate diagnosis.
One of the most visual methods remains as an X -ray exam: changes in the joints can be clearly seen in radiography.The level of change that can be seen in the picture allows you to determine the level of disease progression.
In addition to radiography, thermographic examination, ultrasound resonance imaging, calculated and magnetic is used.
Other studies are conducted for differential diagnostics.In particular, rheumatoid samples, detailed blood tests, determination of uric acid levels, etc.
Arthrosis treatment
How to treat arthrosis?
The main thing that patients must remember with arthrosis: treatment must be performed under the supervision of a specialist.With home method, arthrosis cannot be cured.Moreover: if the disease has developed up to 2-3 stages, it will not work to fully restore the affected joints.
Arthrosis Treatment: Medicine
Treatment of joint arthrosis must be comprehensive.The basis of drug treatment is chondroprotectors - medicines that help maintain their elasticity and strength that improves cartilage tissue structure.
Chondroprotectors are available in many forms:
- in capsules and tablets;
- In solution for intramuscular and intraarticular injection.
Chondroprotectors are very effective with the early stages of arthrosis, but their use is also advised in the treatment of the advanced stage of the disease.
To relieve pain, various anesthetics and analgesics are prescribed in the form of creams, gels for local use, or in the form of injections.
To relieve inflammation in anti -inflammatory drugs, nonflamation based on sodium diclofenac, orthophen and metindol are used.
Muscle spasms under the influence of Miorelaxant drugs.
In addition, medications are prescribed that contribute to increased blood circulation.As a addition, the use of vitamins is possible.
Arthrosis treatment by surgical method
In the final stages of arthrosis, when the joints have been significantly destroyed and are not arranged for medical treatment, surgery in the joint can be performed.
Type of surgical treatment of arthrosis:
- Artroplasty, where movement can be returned to the affected joints;
- Arthrodesis is intended to ensure joint immobility;
- joint resection, that is, complete removal or partial elements of the affected elements;
- Prosthetics, where damaged and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy in the treatment of arthrosis
Physiotherapy treatment plays a very important role in combating arthrosis symptoms.Patients are prescribed massage, laser and magnetic therapy, acupuncture and other types of treatment.
The course of treatment must be repeated regularly.
Sanatorium-Resort Arthrosis treatment
Many sanatoriums specialize in the treatment of arthrosis, especially located near the therapeutic mud deposits and specialists in the mud.
Arthrosis patients are indicated by therapeutic baths and heating, but all of this must be done under strict medical control.Mudlit has restrictions and contraindications.
The degree of arthrosis
The first stage arthrosis
The early stages of arthrosis are indicated by non -important symptoms that cannot be easily observed:
- Some stiffness of movement, especially after being endless;
- pain at the beginning of the movement, disappearing after a few minutes;
- Light light, crisis, click in joints when moving;
- Pain after and during physical work, after rest, passes.
In radiography, small changes in the joint structure can be seen, including the appearance of small bone growth along the edge of the articular joints and slightly narrowing the joint gap.
Arthrosis of degrees to -2
With 2 degrees arthrosis, all symptoms appear to be stronger:
- More joint mobility restrictions;
- With any movement, cracks and crisis in the joints are heard;
- Pain for degree arthrosis of the 2 becomes more frequent and sharper;
- "Start" pain does not disappear longer after the onset of movement;
- On x -ray, joint deformation and growth of osteophytes are clearly visible;
- Arthrosis of the 2nd degree causes a significant narrowing of the joint gap, it may even shorten the sick members.
With 2 degrees of development of arthrosis, performance is reduced, and some types of activities are impossible.
Arthrosis 3 degrees
3 degrees arthrosis is characterized by severe damage to the joints:
- Bone tissue growth and fluid accumulation in joint bags lead to increased joints;
- The movement is limited, sometimes the patient is unable to do anything other than shaking with the affected member;
- Sensitivity to increased weather changes;
- Powerful pain does not leave the patient either in motion or rest;
- Muscles -the muscles around the joints are always spasmodic, as their power disorders begin to gradually be atrophy;
- Practical joint gaps are not visible to radiography, the surface deformation of the articular elements is highly stated;The joints are surrounded by bone tissue growth, the destruction of the intra -articular structure and sclerotic changes in the surrounding tissue can be seen.
Arthrosis of the 4th degree
Despite the generally accepted classification of arthrosis development, consisting of 3 degrees, sometimes the worst, 4 degrees is distinguished.Joint deformation arthrosis at the stage of the disease takes the worst form: the joints are completely destroyed and loss of function.At the same time, the patient suffers from severe pain until small movement becomes impossible.The pain does not stop even with a strong remedy.
In X -ray, a combination of bone affected from joints, joints, stated sclerotic changes can be seen.
At this stage, the deformation of arthrosis can only be stopped by surgical surgery to the destroyed joint prostetes.
Prevention of arthrosis
Joint health must be taken from youth.Prevention of arthrosis observes your health and timely looking for a doctor when the first symptom of arthrosis appears, even less.
Preventive steps include maintaining optimum weight.
Do not be too involved in traumatic sports, train with excessive persistence and irrational burdens.It is also dangerous to take a huge rest in sports, after which the previous burden may damage the joints and cause arthrosis.
It is advisable to provide proper nutrition, rational, excluding alcohol, fat, spicy and canned foods.It is true -it is necessary to quit smoking to maintain blood vessels.
For women, it is always relevant to avoid high shoes.And during the menopause, it is necessary to approach the question of hormone replacement therapy so as not to expose the body to hormone pressure that can cause arthrosis.
Because injury is a common cause of arthrosis development, it should be avoided as much bone damage, joints and other injuries.
Exercise for arthrosis
Therapeutic gymnastics for arthrosis are very important, as well as adequate physical activity for disease prevention.
Special training for arthrosis is selected by a doctor, but there are several general recommendations.
- Exercises for arthrosis should not cause pain.
- The intensity of the load should not be large, any harmful load.
- Movement is done at a slow or moderate rate, with a moderate amplitude.
- Swimming is very useful and aqua-aerobic in a warm pool.
- Training for arthrosis must be done daily, without rest, for a long time.It's always good.